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Effects of music therapy on psychological health of women during pregnancy.
Aims and objectives. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of music therapy on stress, anxiety and depression in Taiwanese pregnant women. Background. The value of music therapy is slowly being realized by nurses in various clinical areas, including obstetrics. Previous studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of psychological stress during pregnancy. Few studies have examined the effects of music therapy on reducing psychological stress during pregnancy. Design. A randomized experimental study design was developed and implemented. Methods. Two hundred and thirty-six pregnant women were randomly assigned to music therapy (n = 116) and control (n = 120) groups. The music therapy group received two weeks of music intervention. The control group received only general prenatal care. Psychological health was assessed using three self-report measures: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), State Scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (S-STAI) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Results. In a paired t-test, the music therapy group showed significant decrease in PSS, S-STAI and EPDS after two weeks. The control group only showed a significant decrease in PSS after two weeks. This decrease was not as substantial as in the experimental group. An ancova test with the pretest scores as the control revealed that the changes in PSS, S-STAI and EPDS after two weeks were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. Conclusions. This controlled trial provides preliminary evidence that two-week music therapy during pregnancy provides quantifiable psychological benefits. Relevance to clinical practice. The findings can be used to encourage pregnant women to use this cost-effective method of music in their daily life to reduce their stress, anxiety and depression. Further research is needed to test the long-term benefits.
J Clin Nurs. 2008 Feb 19 Chang MY, Chen CH, Huang KF. National Tainan Institute of Nursing, Taiwan, and College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
If you are anything like me, by the time you reached maturity there were probably numerous things in your history that you regret. These could be things that you said or did – or even failed to do. Indeed, we go through life with this ever growing collection of stuff that we wish we could discard. How we look at those events or failings determines much about your current and future behavior. Your relationships with others and your health can easily become victim to your inability to release the bonds that guilt place on our mind, body, and soul.
Your confidence concerning your ability to handle any task in life has a lot to do with where your mind is at the time. Actually, achieving confidence is quite simple once you understand this simple concept. Think for a moment. Where is your conscious awareness right now? Are you ruminating needlessly about something that happened in the past? Or, are you obsessing about a difficulty that hasn’t even happened yet?
When the perceived difficulty of a pending task is considered greater than the perceived capability to handle it, then negative stress occurs. Obviously, this involves how your...
Brain entrainment is not a new phenomenon. For thousands of years humans have used the flickering lights of fires, the beating of drums and whirling, changing objects to help induce a trance state. But with the advent of audio technology, science has sought to mimic the environmentally triggered brain entrainment with carefully designed tones and flickering lights. From the Dreammachine (a sound and light machine developed in the 1970’s and embraced by artists to help them achieve altered states) and the discover of binaural beats in that same decade, to the sophisticated technology of the...
